Importance of Grammar Essay - 2093 Words

A. Introduction It is not uncommon to say that grammar instruction plays an important role in language teaching. Regarding the status and importance of grammar teaching, a variety of opinions have been made. Batstone (1994) states that â€Å"language without grammar would be chaotic: countless words without the indispensable guidelines for how they can be ordered and modified† (p. 4). More vividly, Wang (2010) makes two similes. She compares grammar to the frame of a house, which is a decisive factor to ensure the solidness of it. Additionally, she regards grammar as a walking stick, whose function is to help and support students to learn English. Thus, the nature of grammar instruction manifests its own significance as it helps students†¦show more content†¦In the third part, three pedagogical implications will be presented. In addition, a grammar activity and its theoretical rationale will be respectively reported in the fourth and fifth part before the final conclusion is displaye d. B. Evaluation of Miss Wong’s Teaching Approach B(1). Teaching philosophy It is teachers’ beliefs rather than their knowledge that have a greater influence on their instruction (William Burden, 2000). Meighan suggests seven kinks of teachers’ beliefs about learners: resisters, receptacles, raw materials, clients, partners, individual explorers and democratic explorers. Unlike the first three concepts which focus on teachers, the last four require learners’ active involvement (as cited in William Burden, 2000). In Miss Wong’s teaching approach, a PPP model (i.e., Presentation, Practice and Production) is generally adopted. She firstly presents target grammatical structure of passive voice. Then students do some exercises along with teacher’s answer checking. However, it seems the final production step is omitted, resulting in students’ lacking opportunities to apply the knowledge into other contexts. From her instruction, we can see Miss Wong tends to regard her students as receptacles that are required to absorb the items she transmits. What the instruction concerns is whether students can transform sentences from active to passive or vice verse from a structural level, which is a typical example of aShow MoreRelatedAbsolute Importance Of Professional Communication1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe Absolute Importance of Professional Communication Have you ever wondered why your English teachers constantly drilled the seemingly unimportant skills of grammar into your head day after day? The answer is much simpler than you may think: they are trying to prepare you for future success in life. Proper writing is an absolute necessity for securing a job. In today’s world, comprehensive writing and language are skills students need to understand. Jeffery Selingo, author of There is Life AfterRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Books For Congregation And Ministers997 Words   |  4 PagesWhat I have learned in Introduction to Biblical languages so far is that grammar and terminology are very important and is very helpful to scholars and leadership. Importance of good books for congregation and ministers. In the chapter it used examples to establish the importance of honest books for pastors. It says that creatures are significant to a mechanic, and goo books are to a preacher. The pastors will not be able to hope to expound th e Bible without good looks. It is really important forRead MoreEmployers Sought As Valuable For Writing Skills969 Words   |  4 Pagesvaluable. They conducted a survey then asked respondents to rank fifteen different writing skills and score them on a sale of one to seven, seven being essential and one, not important. Although grammar usage t=did not garner the highest ranking, the overall average response as 5.9, implying that grammar is most certainly important (Gray, et al., 2005). Spelling and punctuation garnered an average rating of 5.4. The National Commission on Writing (NCW) conducted in 2006, reports, â€Å"writing is aRead MoreLost Generation of Writers585 Words   |  3 PagesSummary: â€Å"Are Writing Deficiencies Creating a Lost Generation of Business Writers?† June 5, 2013 Summary: â€Å"Are Writing Deficiencies Creating a Lost Generation of Business Writers?† Employers and educators realize the importance of good writing skills but many business employees have writing deficiencies, costing American businesses billions of dollars every year. According to a study conducted by the National Commission on Writing (NCW) in 2004, American businesses may spend closeRead MoreThe Perceptions Of Grammar On Grammar798 Words   |  4 PagesResults To answer RQ1, the perceptions of grammar in speaking from both NS teacher and NNS students have to be found by analyzing the answers from the interview Q2, Q4 and Q5. The results show that, in terms of the perceptions towards grammar in speaking, NS teacher do differ from NNS students. NS teacher’s answer shows that grammar was very important in speaking, during the interview, when she was asked about Q4, she said: â€Å"†¦You speak with few repeated errors, you can never be completely like aRead MoreSummary Of Stephen King Chapter 241658 Words   |  7 PagesOne The second section in On Writing is called What Writing Is, and it only contains one chapter. In this section King is talking about what writing means to him. He says that in his eyes, writing is telepathy. King discusses in this section the importance of having a place where you can go to be alone and be in your thoughts. He says that this place is where the telepathy begins to happen (103-105). This Chapter is significant because it answers the question that is asked many times, â€Å"What is writingRead MoreTowards The Building Of English Arabic1198 Words   |  5 Pagesstructure 3. Lexical functional grammar 4. Framnet 5. Verbnet 6. Wordnet The problems in English-Arabic lexicography is that there is no link between lexicology and modern syntactic theories. Thus, the paper aims at shedding light on the importance of linking syntactic theory to the science of English-Arabic lexicology. Dictionaries should be regarded not as lists of words, but rather as lists of word senses. The lexicon is no longer an appendix of the grammar, or a list of basic regularitiesRead MoreCommunicative Language Testing1187 Words   |  5 PagesTherefore, it is common to see evolution of both language teaching and language testing. There has been a shift from analytical to integrative approach in both language teaching and language testing falling into three stages: ⠝â€" Grammar –translation ⠝â€" Structural ⠝â€" Communicative Approach These three generations of language teaching are seen parallel to three generations of language testing. Through this shift, new ideas about language testing and new waysRead MoreEnglish as a Compulsory Discipline in Arab Schools874 Words   |  3 Pages1.1.1 Introduction: Being the international language, the importance of teaching English has been developing in the EFL Arab world, and the governments of these countries introduced English into school textbooks as a compulsory discipline. In addition, EFL Arab students complete at least eight years of learning English in school upon finishing the secondary education. Therefore, due to the important role of English, it has become to many Arab academics the main focus (Al-Khatib, 2000). FurthermoreRead MoreFormal Grammar For A Good Writer1234 Words   |  5 PagesTarkan-Blanco 29 March, 2016 Prompt: Argue whether the formal instruction of grammar in school is helpful and enlightening for someone who wants to become a good writer. Formal Grammar instruction is necessary to become a good writer It is fairly easy to determine a person’s educational background based on a single conversation; whether through written messages or a verbal conversation, word choice and grammar are very apparent. Grammar in the formal writing style is needed to ensure that writing is flowing

The Internet And New Media - 1504 Words

In the new millennium, the communication channels have advanced at an amazing rate, making it possible for two people separated by thousands of kilometers to get in contact and socialize as if they were face to face. These possibilities of human interconnection have transformed the internet, as Bill Gates well says, into the meeting place of world population. The outer shell of the internet and all of its services encouraged over time the materialization of many computer programs, with features that help create numerous digital extensions of the man, giving birth to the online generation. This generation is one that does not conceive life without internet or gadgets, such as mobile phones or iPods and that is more concerned to make their own news than to expect them from the traditional media, like the newspaper or television. All the new programs created for the computer and internet use, like the latest version of the internet, called Web 2.0, citizen journalism and life-imitating virtual worlds, are part of a new movement that is named new media. The internet and new media are interconnected, the last being unable to exist without the first. The unlimited possibility given by the internet and new media attract people and make them to forget about the existence of the old media. People rather create their own debating digital channel, the making of a personal avatar in a virtual world or signing in on a social networking website, instead of waiting for the news orShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Internet on Traditional News Media2001 Words   |  9 Pages   INTERNET   ON   TRADITIONAL   NEWS   MEDIA    1    The impact of the Internet on traditional news media Lingyan Chen Fairleigh Dickinson University May 6th, 2013 THE   IMPACT   OF   INTERNET   ON   TRADITIONAL   NEWS   MEDIA    Abstract The study discusses the impact of the Internet on traditional media over time. Media research suggests that Internet would be allowed to exist with traditional news media at the same time, rather than killing off the traditional news media. TheRead MoreMarketing On Social Media, Avoiding The Pitfalls Of Traditional Advertising, And Gaining New Customers Through The Internet1233 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose: The purpose of this report is to get funding and a dedicated team to begin marketing on social media, avoiding the pitfalls of traditional advertising, and gaining new customers through the internet. Scope: The process for successful Internet Marketing: †¢ Create a team †¢ Create a website †¢ Create a page for major social media sites †¢ Update content consistently †¢ Find new social media sites to market Background: M-Global Coffee mugs has been a successful company creating coffee mugs withRead MoreThe Internet A New News1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet a New News A fact is something that is said to be indisputably true. Facts are key in portraying any storyline or narrative. If facts are important in conveying relevant information the media should be concerned with reporting only facts that provide an accurate description of events. Unfortunately, certain media outlets have issues with reporting solely facts. The media can be an amazing tool for dispersing information amongst the masses and can ensure that everyone is educated onRead MoreThe Internet and How Society Consumes Media1493 Words   |  6 Pagesmidst of a media shift. Although there is still a need for traditional media, online media is finding its place in consumers needs. It’s important for professionals in the journalism industry to take note and understand the direction this change is taking. Gaskins and Jerit (2012) contributed their research on this topic and introduce it by sharing, â€Å"these findings have important implications for researchers and industry executives who seek to understand the changing nature of the media environmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Traditional Media1652 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Internet on Traditional Media News Xiaoran Yang Z5047673 ï  ¬ Introduction The Internet has become one of the most popular mediums that facilitating a variety of communication and information-sharing tasks from the past decades. Internet has an effect on the use of traditional media news at the same time. The advent of Internet has caused a challenge to traditional media news. ThisRead MoreIs the Internet a New Medium? Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesInternet as a medium has been a thoroughly discussed topic, especially in recent years with the rise of the World Wide Web. Analysis of relevant literature in the topic shows that the internet is not a new medium. This argument can be shown by looking more in depth into what defines a medium and what defines the internet. From that analysis by looking from a historical point of view the internet can be seen as an old medium which uses re-mediation to deliver content to users. The connection betweenRead MoreMass Media Influence On American Culture878 Words   |  4 Pagesthe evolution of Mass Media The new era of technology led to major developments in the evolution of mass media, worldwide. In our society, we originally communicated orally before the Internet and wireless devices existed. Individuals relied on traditional forms of mass media, such as the television, radio, newspapers, and magazines, to attain knowledge of the outside world. Thereafter, the development of new forms mass media evolved, and we were introduced to the Internet and other wireless communicationRead MoreThe Effects of the Internet and the Global Media Market Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe creation of the internet dawned a new way of life for the world in which we live. The internet defies time and space and helps make communication easier and extremely fast, it also helps with networking and connecting people from all over the world making the global implications of the internet absolutely fascinating. Because of this new wave of technology people across the globe are able to communicate and do business with one another on a completely different level. This essay will seek toRead MoreInternet Addiction1662 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Addiction Introduction While some media news and reports seem to be truthful in their effort to inform and educate the public regarding internet addiction, it is not surprising to see bad science and misinterpretation presented in others on the same issue. The media coverage of internet addiction is damaging and blowing the issue out of context. The widespread internet concern is reinforced and underpinned by media reporting about internet addiction and young people, characteristicallyRead MoreUsa Today and Wall Street Journal Swot1643 Words   |  7 PagesOpportunities * Provide news as it happens by uploading it to the internet- especially good for the Sports section for real time scores and stats * Feeds the increasing interest in current news, when wanted, at their fingertips. * As internet readers increase, save money on using less paper, ink ,etc. Also can eliminate some salary expenses (delivery boy, etc.) * A decrease in operating costs will open up the opportunity for them to focus on the popularity of Internet media. * Set distribution

Coca-Cola Marketing Strategy free essay sample

Indirect Exporting- Coke sells their product to separately owned bottling companies around the world who then bottle the product and sell it to wholesalers around their location. 3. Product-Coca-Cola uses two formulas (one with sugar, one with corn syrup) for all markets. The product packaging in every country incorporates the contour bottle design and the logo in some way shape or form. However, the bottle or can also includes the country’s native language and is the same size as other beverage bottles or cans in that same country. Global Marketing, Wiki) Pricing- Coca-Cola products are priced right about the same as its competitors in that geographic area (varies depending on location). They incorporate a psychological pricing strategy, for example instead of having a 24 pack of cans be $10 they make it $9. 98 in order to create the illusion to the customer that it is a lot cheaper than it really is. Place- Coca-Cola sells its product to bottling companies, vending machines, gas stations, newsstands, and other wholesalers in places all over the world, who then sell it to the consumer. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Promotion-Mainly television commercials that are specialized for each separate country (different athlete drinking coke in china that in Italy). They place their logo in as many strategic places as possible to get people to think about their product. 4. Coca-Cola has done extensive work to make sure that their product is appealing to everyone and it is one of the most well recognized and respected brands in the world. They have instituted zero-emission trucks (all electric) into their fleet of vehicles to promote going green. One Issue is that their bottling plants have been accused of being unclean and full of unhealthy pesticides. One test found that a plant in India had let some of the pesticides into its products and was even shut down for a period of time. (CSE, 2006) [ 1 ]. Wikipedia, â€Å"Global Marketing†, 2011 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_marketing [ 2 ]. Coca-Cola, â€Å"About us†, 2011, http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/? WT. cl=1WT. mm=footer1-about-red_en_US [ 3 ]. Centre for Science and Environment, â€Å"CSE releases new study on pesticides in soft drinks†, 2006

Role of Water Diffusion

1. The United States has been a country that was and is rapidly developing. There are several reasons for this. In the early days of the United States an important art in the development of the nation was Mississippi river. It provided a transportation avenue for companies and help united the people and America by keeping close communication through the river. It was also used by local farms for watering, as well as the land was extremely fertile.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Diffusion of Water as the Important Factor in the Development Egypt and in United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second reason how the United States became a rich country is its natural resources. The northern part of the US is an example of a highly industrialized area. Overall, oil production and coal mining are very important and it has proven beneficial for the United States in becoming one of the superpowers in the world . 2. Just as in the United Sates, water was one of the most important factors in the development of civilization in Egypt. The Nile was instrumental for settlements and cities to flourish and the proof of that is the distribution of the population and many peoples along the river valley. Historically, it has changed its fullness and sometimes, course but nonetheless, remained a key resource for people in their survival and prosperity. Because there were also deposits of silt, this fact made the land that was close to the river very fertile which allowed for agricultural development and farming. The Nile is known for its overflowing characteristics, as it happens annually. This occurrence deposited silt onto the close by land and led to fertilization. People were not the only ones in need of water, as domesticated animals were vital in the development of civilization. Their meat was used for trading and in order for animals to grow healthy they had to have abundant water. The Nile wa s also a method of transportation which gave rise to communication with other people and greatly increased trade. 3. The Egyptian culture and life had very much influenced Greece and its people. Previously, it was thought that there was no connection between the two and Egyptians never traveled to the area of Greece. Recently, it has been confirmed that they did and there is also evidence that many thinkers of Greece had their education in Egypt and were much affected by the culture. It has been greatly argued that the historians have somewhat changed the recorded writings to make it seem that Greeks were the starters of philosophy and the higher teachings and beliefs. The modern researches propose that Egyptians had the higher knowledge and Greeks came to be taught by the thinkers of Egypt. One of the most known philosophers, Plato, has given rise to a belief that there is an afterlife and that people and animals were on a passage to another world.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But the source for this sort of belief came from Egyptians who were practicing their beliefs in regards to death being a passage. Even certain names of cities and Gods in Greece came form the basis of the names of Egyptians. It is interesting that the connection between the two served as a form of separation, as different people and cultures clashed in their own race towards truth, history and traditions. In reality, the people of Egypt and Greece are very close and some even believe that they have same origins (Freeman, 2004). Reference Freeman, C. (2004). Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. New York, United States: Oxford University Press. This essay on Diffusion of Water as the Important Factor in the Development Egypt and in United States was written and submitted by user Ell0eKa1f1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Maya, Aztec and Inca Collapse

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr essays

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr essays Dr. Kings sermon: Loving your enemies shows and emphasizes that you should have your friends and family close, but your enemies closer. First, it impressed me due to the fact that he was sick that November 17,1957. Second, Dr. Kings great advice and guidance throughout this sermon. Third, Dr. Kings words were not timeless. First and foremost, this sermon impressed me because November 17, 1957 King was sick and his doctor told him to stay in bed, but King put that aside, stood up, and went to do his sermon, example: I am forced to preach under something of a handicap this morning. In fact, I had the doctor before coming to church. And he said that it would be best for me to stay in bed this morning. And I insisted that I would have to come to preach. In other words he put his people before himself. Second of all, Dr. Kings advice and guidance example: He realized that its difficult to love those persons who seek to defeat you, those persons who say evil things about you. He realized that it was painfully hard, pressingly hard. But he wasnt playing. Because Jesus wasnt playing; because he was serious. Dr. King wants us to be like Him, forgiving, sweet, and smart. Last but not least, Dr. Kings words in this sermon are not timeless. He got up and said what he wanted to say, gave his points and views on some situations and people understood him. People know what hes trying to say. One good quote that he says: we cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. Dr. Kings sermon: Loving your enemies preaches that you should have your friends and family close but your enemies closer. First, it impressed me due to the fact that he was sick that morning. Second, Dr. Kings great advice and guidance. Third, Dr. Kings words were not timeless. Dr. King has ...

Principle of Mental Health Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principle of Mental Health Nursing - Essay Example Fluctuations ranged from elation or sadness and are influenced by a number of biological, medical or social factors including work, family, and social responsibilities. People normally behave this way; however, when mood fluctuations become chronic and overwhelming that it already affects the activities of daily living, this becomes a clinical disorder. This is the case that happened to Simon Smith, a 49-year-old married man who was diagnosed with clinical depression five months ago after experiencing a number of unfortunate life events over the last eight months. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2012), clinical depression or simply depression refers to a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration which can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual's ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities (n.p.). Clinical depression is apart from temporary feelings of sadness, confused thinking, and somatic complaints. General practitioners, nurses, and other members of the health care team play a crucial role in the early recognition and treatment of Mr. Smith’s clinical depression using the appropriate assessment tools and interventions that is client-centered and based on the current evidences. Initial Assessment To identify the triggering factors that cause imbalances in the mental state of Mr. Smith and to identify the diagnosis and severity of depression, a psychiatric mental health nurse should conduct a comprehensive psychiatric/psychosocial assessment. Psychosocial assessment includes getting the patient history and evaluation of patient’s mental and emotional status (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 5). It also includes assessment of the triggering factors that led Mr. Smith to develop clinical depression. Triggering factors of depression are neg ative events or situations which play a vital role in the initial and persistent development of depression, examples of which include early loss, trauma, abuse, disruption of relationships, and other negative experiences (Moore and Garland, 2003, p. 52). In Mr. Smith’s case, the triggering factors of depression are his mother’s diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, niece’s admission to an Assessment Ward, son’s diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, involvement in a car crash with National trust property pressing for compensation, and difficulties with the insurance company. Meanwhile, standardized diagnostic tools also assist both the general practitioner and the nurse in identifying the signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and severity of clinical depression. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 10th Revision and the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edit ion: DSM-IV-TR guide psychiatric practitioners in the diagnosis of mental disorders. In the APA criteria for major or unipolar depression, Mr. Smith should have at least four or more signs or symptoms listed in the criteria for a period of two weeks to meet the diagnosis of clinical depression (APA, 2000, p. 349; Patel and Jakopac, 2012, p. 138) while in the ICD-10, Mr. Smith should demonstrate specific number of

Becoming agile through mindfulness Dissertation

Becoming agile through mindfulness - Dissertation Example Organizations dealing with information systems development (ISD) have started shifting to agile methods. This has been necessitated by the fact that the previous traditional methodologies, such as waterfall methodology, have been restrictive in terms of processes and extensive planning (Lee & Xia, 2010). The agile manifesto has been derived from the following four main tenets; interactions and individuals over roles and processes, contract negotiation through customer collaboration, response to change over plan following and a working software rather than an exhaustive documentation. Through these four doctrines, the agile manifesto came up with 12 principles that have led to the creation of different other methodologies. Such methodologies as XP (eXtreme Programming), FDD (Feature Driven Development), DSDM (Dynamic System Development Method) and Scrum have had lots of support from leading industry practitioners. Agile practices can be fused with mindfulness to ensure effective deliv ery of software applications to customers. Mindfulness involves attention to changes and the surroundings during the software development process (Argote, 2006). Through mindfulness, it is possible to achieve a certain degree of flexibility that allows an organization to be strategically at an advantage compared to the others. Literature Review Agile Global Information Systems Development (GSD) Many Information Systems Development Companies are migrating to Agile methods as a way of coping with the increased demands placed on such organizations. Most of them have gone further ahead to introduce a substitute solution, Global Systems Development (GSD). This alternative has resulted in numerous benefits including an increased potential for innovations, reduced costs of software development, large pools of talent, reduced proximity to markets or clients, transfer of knowledge, division of work across sites and reduction in duration for developing the software especially due to the effec tiveness in time zones (Conchuir, Agerfalk, Olsson & Fitzgerald, 2009). According to Carmel and Agarwal (2001), firms and organizations should be well aware of challenges posed by the implementation of such methodologies. Just like Agile methodologies this area has not been well researched. The little research that exists on this area represents problem reports rather than extensive research that provide solutions in terms of significant techniques and practices (Smite, Wohlin, Gorschek & Feldt, 2010, p. 91). However, developing distributed or global software development through the use of Agile methods has been an area of great interest (Agerfalk, Fitzgerald & Slaughter, 2009). Such collaboration between distributed development and Agile methods has been conceptualized due to the capability that is produced when the two are fused together (Ramesh, Cao, Mohan & Xu, 2006). According to Turk, France and Rumpe (2002), such collaboration was regarded as highly unlikely. This was largely due to the fact that distributed development methods rely on formal methods while Agile methods are reliant on informal processes. Further research into this area has indicated that apart from the excellent blend that results from this collaboration, it is also possible to address issues of control and communication that arise during development of distributed systems (Ramesh, Cao, Mohan & Xu, 2006). This is an indication that Global Software Development is becoming much popular (Stotts, Nagappan, Baheti, Jen & A J, 2003). Such systems have

GBM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GBM - Essay Example What is known is the expected value to the distribution of Brownian motion at time =2. Therefore, the centre of the distribution is known, i.e. what the expected value of the distribution is and this will be the expected value of W2= 0. It will always be zero, regardless of what point in time we view the Brownian motion. The expectation of Brownian motion at all points on a plain at any time is 0 as per property one. Not only will the expected value at any time be 0, but also normally distributed. The peak of the normal distribution is centred at 0, meaning that the Brownian motion will be distributed as a normal variable with expected value 0 and variance t. Property three relates to the concept of property number two, i.e. the Brownian motion increment, which is the difference between the two Brownian motions (Wt - Ws). Therefore, the difference between the two Brownian motions is also normally distributed and the variance of the Brownian motion increments (Wt - Ws) is (t-s), where t stands for time and s stands for a point in time which differs from t. (t - s) is the difference in two time periods between measurements of our Brownian motion. Consequently, looking at the Brownian motion at two different points in time, the expected increment , the expectation of the difference of these two Brownian motions ( E [Wt - Ws])=0 and the variance of this difference ( Var [Wt-Ws]) = t-s. It emerges that the variance is proportional to time. Other properties of Brownian motion state that the process Wt has stationary and independent increments. What does it mean to say that the Brownian motion has stationary increments? Looking at an example of a Brownian motion at time = 0 (W0) and the same Brownian motion at time = 1 (W1) and then looking at a graph of our Brownian motion , it moves the Brownian motion increment further in time by a constant amount (a). This will be W0+a and W1+a and what this means is that

Vodafones Product Portfolio

Vodafones Product Portfolio Introduction Customer are always right that’s what’s is known as the principle of business regardless of what the business it is might be a retail store a manufacturing unit or even a service company the basic rule is customers are always right. The question is that why? Why are the customers always right and not the suppliers? The answer is clean and neat, the customers are the ones who facilitate the companies with revenue on which the produce the products or pay the salary to their employee and even the only source to pay off different bills. however the customers different from needs and what and since the economic resources are scares the companies have to come across different tradeoff situation where they have to choose the best possible mix of products and services that they will provide to their customers. The product mix that is decided by the suppliers are compressed in a product portfolio. A product portfolio is a method to maximize the literal value of the producible goods and services in accordance with the strategic planning by the shareholders. However a product portfolio is customized on the basis of demands by the customers and their ability to pay, another thing to add up on product portfolio is to segmenting the customers and market on which they want to focus is very important as for once the market is segmented the companies can look for more strategic marketing and operational plans. Segmenting the market can be quite easy if the companies answer one of three basic questions of marketing FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE. By these different tools and methods a company can decide on a perfect product portfolio for their market. Vodafone an international telecommunication company has been trying to plant in their foots in Qatar since year 2009 and is yet not able to capture at least 50% of the market share and the reason is imperfect product portfolio. In the project I will explain the present product portfolio of Vodafone and also give different recommendations for the company to make it better Managing customers by FISH By managing customers like fish doesn’t literally mean that customers are fish instead it is a short for â€Å"First In Still Here† a customer that visits a company once doesn’t always have to go there the next time. However the aim of every company is to keep the customers active in the organization and to supply them for endless time. The fish states that a customer who comes in for the first time should be treated in such a way that he stay in forever (Wang huges, 2014). The customers are known as rational and they may shift to any other organization it sees more value for money hence these customers need to be satisfied by dividing them into different groups such as their age, sex, attitude or even their reliability or monthly income and buying structure. Fish is not about managing customers for short term but to provide customers a comfortable environment which they carve for so that they continue visiting it again and again. In addition to this cooperation’s lack the trust building with the customers and the organizations loose customers due to not coming up to customer expectations even though it’s not the organizations faults as for the customers are so diverse and ever changing it is quite difficult to shift their resources every now and then hence it is very difficult for the companies to decide on one single accurate product portfolio. However in the next segments I would identify different techniques to find out which departmen ts or products should be removed from the organizations portfolio in order to make it effective Strategic account management Strategic account management better known as SAM is a strategic approach which comes from account management. However it is used to ensure positive and appropriate relations with different customers of the organization and it provides a shoulder to step on and freshen up relations with important and major customers.in addition to this SAM believes in providing definite customers with their specific and tailored goods and services that provide the prestige SAM has been increasingly involved in different companies due to diverse relationships required in a business community in the fields of business-business and business-customer .however strategic account management has successfully pushed the companies from no relation to very good relations with their customers and supply chain. In addition to this another advantage is that due to Strategic account management has facilitated organizations to identify different opportunities and increase income massively. Next it is seen that due to increasing number of customers, companies and competition to win the market strategic account management has been a competitive tool for different organizations to excel in the today’s world also as for strategic account management facilitates organizations in segmenting the market, teaming up with supply chain, winning the loyal customers and also to increase their profits. However the main role player in the game is the product portfolio and deciding on the products with keeping the customers in mind and the aim of satisfying them. Customer segmentation Customer segmentation is known as the door to success. Once a company is able to segment its market the company is assured to enjoy profits and high loyal customer average. Different scholars talk about customer segmentation as a goldmine available to the organizations the point arises how effectively the organization segments the market. If an organization does not faithfully decide on accurate customer segmentation it is likely to face loss as for the non-demanded products would be available to the market left unsold. Without customer segmentation a marketing mix is like a disabled person as for once the market is segmented the organizations decide on the product, price, place and promotion unless and until an organization knows there the buyers of their location, what their budget is or how much they are willing to pay, what they demand or like and what offers or promotions they are looking for it is useless to supply in general public, for no one would be willing to buy the products. Finally after customer segmentation a company is required to design a product portfolio and differentiate products, prices and designs on the basis of their customer’s affordability and income structure. It is also identified that organizations are better off when they segment the market and on the basis of income structure of the customers as for the organizations re able to identify different product portfolios for customers who are more profitable and low cost effective. Vodafone’s customers Telecom industry is known as one of the ever living industry as for rather than just being immortal the customers of telecommunication industry keeps increasing in the market. The different telecom industries in the world are able to generate new markets through the advancement of technology and derived demand through the mobile phones. In the matter of Qatar only two telecommunication companies’ reside major being the Qtel and Vodafone. Both the companies are quite competitive in order to win more and more market share of Qatar .however both the companies fight on the basis of different customer oriented approaches available to utilize. Until the introduction of Vodafone Qtel had complete control of the market but Vodafone being an international telecom industry they have actively captured enough of the market share. However it is not a huge percentage or accurate to the percentage that was expected through Vodafone and the blame is in correct product portfolio. Qatar being an Arab country requires different services unlike the western population. The chart one shows the different market share captured by the telecom industries in Qatar Chart 1- In the year 2009 it is seen that Vodafone was able to capture 16% of the market share very effectively and the reason can be due to being a fresh company in the industry the customers were likely to enter into contracts with the company in order to try something new. However after the years Vodafone is able to sustain itself but no much growth is shown in the market and finally in the year 2013 Vodafone is able to capture 25% of the market share. However the market share should be increased to a much more better ratio unlike the company from year 2009-2012 Products and services offered by Vodafone: Connectivity- Vodafone product known as gateway is a signal booster for wireless connections Headsets and headphones – Bluetooth enabled headphones Memory cards- micro and mini memory card Chargers- portable mobile and tablet chargers. Prepaid Sim cards – extras, smart packs, calls, sms, internet over mobile, data celluar. Postpaid Sim cards- Red, Classic 100. Youth packages- Falla, anghami+. Fixed telephone lines Vodafone has divided and segmented its customers on the basis of the number of customers they are able to pull of the market. However I have turned the statistic in chart format as it can be seen below in chart 2. Since Vodafone is able to capture only 25% of the 1.8 million population in the Qatar it has a number of customers using their mobile services which touch to approximately 300000 whereas on the other hand a number of customers use fixed fines still with about 100000 and broad band connections end up to 180000. Table 1- Customer portfolio Customer portfolio is made up to identify different groups of services provided by an organization in the matter of the revenue it generates for the company due to this an organization is able to judge and understand that not all segments are the same and on which of the products the company is earning very well and which of the segments they are facing losses The most important part of any organization is to send back satisfied customers and it is only possible with the way of generating an intelligent portfolio .however an intelligent or reliable portfolio is only possible through a very tested and decided upon market segment where the organization has divided its products on the basics on what the customers actually need and what they are willing to pay for and add value to strategic accounts’ services and products in line with the vision the organization has and the mission it wants to reach on. A number of scholars explain that every customer or segment for instance should be treated very differently and apart for other so that they feel the services they are opting to are specially designed for them and they come out feeling prestigious. Hence in the matter of Vodafone it is very important that they decide upon a different package for every customer that pops up in their office and make him feel special in the matter if attractiveness, price and design. Below the table shows a outlook client portfolio for vodafone that displays spans and segments of clients of that the marketing strategy ought to depend on as investing on every single segment according to reports development and the relationship/service requirement. The pursuing segments embody possible attractiveness reports and supplementary reports that the firm has to strategically assess beforehand requesting each investment in their product portfolios. BGG matrix Advantages and implications of BCG Matrix Focuses attention on cash flow and needs It is quantifiable and facile to use Easy to recall words and their meanings after denoting to company units Assume colossal marketplace allocate, economies of scale, and price association BCG has two constituents such as upcoming attractiveness of SBA (growth and profitability prospect) and stable extrapolated competitive locale (if our competitive locale looks precisely as nowadays next extrapolate). Star- (growth strategy)- the product that falls in the category of stars is said to be good nowadays and good in the upcoming so kiss it, affection it but you demand to do diagnosis all the period because if gaps increases next it moves to question mark so larger do diagnosis every single period and do not stay. However in short it can be said as mobile cellular packages specially prepaid service which mean pay before you call .however mobile data packages and prepaid call rates from Vodafone is acting as start for the company and it may further generate revenues for the company Question mark- (growth strategy)- the products that fall in the category of question marks are said to be poor nowadays and good in the upcoming so you seize milk from cow and locale it in question mark as a matter of fact broadband connections are acting as question marks for the Vodafone company . However we believe that in the near future it is likely to increase sales and come up generating profits for the company. Dog- (retrenchment strategy) the products that fall in the category of Dogs they are said to be poor nowadays and poor in the upcoming so locale the dog beyond the door that is cut back from SBA .however in the situation of Vodafone it is the land-line connection and due to the advancement and common sizing of mobile phones there are a very few chances for the community to accept landlines again. On the other hand it is a hectic situation for a person to shift from one service provider to another in the matter of landlines. Hence Vodafone is not able to capture of much of the market in Qatar Cow- (stability) –the goods that fall in the category of cash cows good nowadays and poor in the upcoming so cash cow that is seize the milk and be it a little whereas else. Retain milking the cow that is SBA acting good nowadays but not in the upcoming so make as far money as probable now. In the matter of Vodafone I can be easily understood that the product they are talking about is specially tailored youth services which mainly include Fallah service and is meant to be cheap and for a minor call rate. However the customers of Fallah program of Vodafone has not only captured the youth but also many women and men in the community Conclusions In conclusion to this project we can understand the importance of product portfolio, how it changes the impact it has in the community and how it is able to capture the market share with regards to Vodafone it is understood how the company should work on its product portfolio and what things Vodafone is lacking in its product portfolio. In addition to this an organization is supposed to understand on what products it should produce and segment the market on the basics of the targeted segment by which the organization is able capture more market share and return back satisfied customers in the matter of Vodafone the company has no yet able to segment the market accurately and they should look towards the customers they are targeting and what they require I can justify this by stating the matter of fact of Vodafone that they are unable to provide different services to women and they are forced to come to youth Fallah packages as for it suits their needs more accurately . However finall y the Vodafone is analyzed on the basic of BGG matrix in the way that the cash cows, stars , dogs and question marks are identified. Recommendations After assessing Vodafone’s client portfolio and dotted the crucial question marks reports it feels that for Vodafone it is important to own the world-class sales forces and report association qualities as grasping business-to-business and business-to-customer connections, be confidentially accountable for clients wanted aftermath, comprehend their company and necessities, being adjacent and inside grasp, resolve customers’ setbacks, and be creative in responding to customers’ needs across an innovative RD workshop Vodafone has to gaze beyond the competitive gains that they own, they have to grasp an competent client connections and report association by looking into customers’ needs and clarify deep vision of their customer’s expectations, and recognize the needs and opportunities beforehand their clients do, they have to deed as a crucial power for their clients and add worth to their services, because clients yet demand their telecom operator to d eed and present in a method that differentiate them from their matches and uphold a competitive locale in the marketplace as corporates and of sequence meets confidential needs as individual customers. Though, Vodafone has to accept additionally a Crucial Client Association (SCM) outlook that can be attained across strategizing of sales procedures and constructions Vodafone outlook SCM necessities the following:

The Path to Happiness and Success

When I ask people what do you want out of life, the majority of people say, â€Å"I just want to be happy† or â€Å"I want to be successful† It seems like that they are not achieving anywhere near the â€Å"happiness† or â€Å"success† So It has opened me new ways of thinking. It made me think about what I want in the future and that I want to be happy and successful at the same time. It is tremendously important for people to have a definite aim of what they want because without such an aim, your life cannot move forward powerfully and progressively. It marks your first point toward success. It is what put your life into real action mode. Without this step, the other steps of achievement cannot take place. To being with, my family is one of the reasons that I am a happy person today. My family is a safe place where I can be myself. I never have to explain myself to my family because they really know who I am. I can cry too hard or laugh too loud and never worry what they will think of me. It is happy when I have a home to come back after a bad or long day. I don’t need to fear that someone may lie to me or hurt me, because I know that my family will do the best thing to me. Moreover, my family members will give me advice if I want it, but they will not judge me or make me ashamed of my behavior.When I was a kid, I always see my parents working so hard to get what they want and that they could be able to provide for me and my family. Thanks to my working-hard parents, it made me want to have a college education and be successful in order to make them more proud. My parents always ask me how I do in college and what I want to study because they just want to make sure that I am on the track to success. Even though I am struggling academically and personally, my parents always make sure that they give me greatest love and support, so that way I will know I have my family by my side.My family are my strength and inspiration, so th ey are the reason I continue to work and study hard. Also having a college experience is the most important thing that has occurred in my life and one of the reasons that I am a happy person today because college is great in the fact that it allows us to expand our knowledge, provides job connections to our chosen field, and we can gain and develop skills (organization, teamwork, time management, etc.) When I arrive at college, I was afraid because I was not sure what to do on my own and that I  would make new friends that quick but I found many that are similar with my interests, values, and even sense of humor, so it was a wonderful feeling to make new friends when you have none.Also I made connections with some college graduates and a few of the professors, which is an important aspect of the college experience because they are further along in their careers than me. When it comes time to search for a job, I am going to take advantage of it, so I can call on those in the networ k that I have built in order to make this process much easier. During my time as a student in RIT, I was starting to find a strong interest in business major that National Technology Institute for the Deaf (NTID) provides because business opens the door to a huge number of potential careers such as accountants and marketers.I completed Associates degree in NTID Business, so I plan on receiving a Bachelor of Science degree from College of Business because I want to continue learning. Also Associates degree is not enough because I want to improve myself and the standard of living for my future family through higher education. My plans are to not only use education as a tool to prepare me for a vocation, but also to help me become a self-sufficient individual who is fully prepared for life. When I completed AS degree, I applied to get in College of Business two times but unfortunately they rejected me twice. I was really upset and heartbroken because getting in College of Business was one of my goals when I starting studying business in NTID.When I was starting to realize that it’s not the end of my life and that I must move on with my life, so I decided to go with Multidisciplinary studies program. Then I choose to study concentrations in Business Administration and Public Relations because those particular concentrations will help me to understand the business world better and increase my knowledge about aspects of running a business. I always want to be involved in Business because it is a growing, dynamic field of study, which opens the door to a huge number of potential business careers, as well as enhances my access to careers in other fields. So I strongly believe concentrations in Business Administration and Public Relations will help my chosen career because it keeps my options open, both for further study and for my chosen career.I once was very uncertain about any career goals I may have had, but now, I am more sure of the direction my life is g oing. When I was young, I never really knew what I wanted to become. when I got older, I always had very high aspirations for myself so I want to own any business someday but In order to be a successful businessman, you must have a career first because it can teach me a lot of things about owning an business. Before running or owing a business, I always want to have a career in any corporate company because they provide good pay and great benefits such as continuing learning for advanced degrees, health insurance, and paid vacation.I have a strong interest in working at SHI International Corp (www.shi.com), headquartered in Somerset, New Jersey. It is a global provider of information technology software, hardware and professional services to small and medium businesses, large enterprises, healthcare providers, government organizations and educational institutions. My sister-in-law works at SHI corporate as an account manager. She told me that SHI International Corp has a range of di fferent job positions from accountants to marketers/salespersons and also they provide continuing learning for employees so they can study for advanced degrees.For instance, SHI pay accountants to study for accountant certification such as CPAs and CMAs only if they work full-time. Also employees can study for any Master’s degree that’s related to their careers. So my most important career goal is growth because there is never a limit for the growth of an individual in a job. In fact, even if a person becomes a CEO of a company, the next level of growth for the individual on a professional level is being an entrepreneur or becoming a proprietor. However, growth does not happen overnight, and being hard-working and committed to a job is one of the most important aspects of growing. Therefore, one should be dedicated and serious about the job.Only when I achieve consistency in my productivity, I will be able to achieve comprehensive growth on a professional level. As you can see, I want to be very happy and successful as I can be. My goals are high, and I intend to challenge myself. I cannot wait to work in the real world because I want to start to boost my success. As for my philosophy, I believe that in order to be successful, you have to want to do it, take time to do it well, and be willing to give it your all. Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success.If you love what you are doing, you will be successful. In today’s world, there are a lot of successful people such as lawyers, doctors, and CEOs but many of them are not happy because they are not happy doing what they do or living with no purpose. So I strongly  believe that happiness is the most important thing in our lives because it is the only way that our lives can be moved powerfully and progressively.

Cloth vs Diapers

Cloth Vs Disposable Diapers†¦.. What’s Best? Introduction Diapers have been used by humans throughout history. But, the word diaper did not originally refer to its use. Instead, the term originally referred to a type of cloth with a pattern of small repeated geometric shapes. The first diapers were made of a special type of soft cloth cut in geometric shapes. The method of creating geometric shapes in cloth was called diapering, but it eventually gave the name of the cloth used in making diapers back in 1590s in England. Diaper is used on children who are not yet toilet trained to prevent bed-wetting and to keep babies’ skin clean and dry.While it was originally made of cloth material, several variations and improvements were made on the diaper resulting in the creation of disposable diaper. Unlike cloth diapers which can be washed and reused multiple times, disposable diapers are thrown away after use (Leverich). The boom of the disposable diaper industry suggests that it is more preferred by parents that its cloth counterpart. Parents choose what they think is best for their baby. Hence, while the use of disposable diaper has become a trend, it actually has a number of disadvantages that may want parents to reconsider using cloth diapers.Health and Comfort One of the main reasons of using diapers is to provide comfort for the baby by keeping their skin dry, healthy and free from rashes. Prolong wetness irritates the baby’s skin and cause rashes. Cloth diaper is made from non-absorbent materials and thus it requires frequent diaper changes in order to keep the baby’s skin dry. Frequent diaper changes can be avoided when using disposable diaper since it consists of a superabsorbent substance called sodium polyacrylate that is capable of absorbing water up to 100 times its weight (O’Mara, 2003).Since disposable diapers gives a sense of dryness even after a few wettings, parents can leave the disposable diapers on for hours . While disposable diaper is more convenient for the parents, studies have shown that it can cause a number of health problems to babies. A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics reported that 54 percent of one-month old babies using disposable diapers developed rashes, while 16 percent developed severe rashes. Another study also suggests that disposable diaper increased the incidence of diaper rash from 7. percent to 61 percent. Diaper rash occurs with disposable diapers because even if it can hold large quantities of urine, the slightly wet materials that are against baby’s skin for hours can cause rashes (The New Parents Guide, 2012). Moreover, disposable diaper is well-sealed and therefore prevents proper circulation of air. It also traps the bacteria and ammonia that is produced when bacteria breaks down urine (O’Mara, 2003). It is apparent that in terms of health and comfort, cloth diaper offers more comfort and helps keep the baby’s skin healthy. Co nvenienceParents opt for disposable diapers primarily for convenience. First, disposable diapers are thrown after use. Second, disposable diapers comes in convenient Velcro and snap closures that keep it securely fastened and well-fitted. Some diaper lines also include wetness indicator that tells the parents when it is time to change. Indeed, versus the traditional cloth diaper, disposable diaper is more convenient. However, cloth diapers have evolved as well. Gone were the days when cloth diapers are fastened by safety pins that could dangerously prick the baby’s skin.Modern cloth diapers are as convenient as its disposable counterpart. Most cloth diapers are now featured with Velcro fasteners and some are fitted similar to disposable diapers, which makes diaper changes convenient and easy (Leverich). However, despite the innovations of cloth diaper, disposable diaper is still more convenient especially during travels wherein soiled diapers can just be thrown and do not nee d to be carried along for washing (The New Parents Guide, 2012). CostCost is one of the factors that parents consider in choosing a diaper. Compared to disposable diaper, cloth diaper is more economical since it can be used again and again. Disposable diaper can cost as much as 32 cents per use compared to cloth diaper which only costs 5 cents per use. Washing the diapers yourself or even when using a laundry service will still result in significant savings (O’Mara, 2003). Moreover, the cloth diapers can be kept to be used as hand-me-down diaper for future babies. Environment ImpactThe environmental impact of disposable diapers is one of the important reasons why parents should use cloth diapers. While it could be argued that both types of diapers have the same environmental impact because of the processes required to clean the soiled cloth diapers, disposable diapers have greater environmental impact. Considering the number of disposable diapers used and discarded every day, and the number of diapers that could be used by a single child from birth until toilet-trained, disposable diapers is indeed a significant solid waste problem.Aside from being a burden in landfill sites, m disposable diapers are manufactured with wood pulp, which means that millions of trees are cut for its production. Manufacture of pulp and plastics used in disposable diapers also use toxic chemicals such as dioxins (O’Mara, 2003). Conclusion Parents only want the best for their baby, including the type of diaper to use. The main purpose of a diaper is to keep the baby’s skin from wetness and keep it healthy. The ability of disposable diaper to hold wetness longer is the very reason why parents opt for this type.It seems that parents choose disposable diaper mainly for convenience, but tend to disregard the potential adverse impacts of disposable diapers on their babies. Disposable diaper allows longer contact between the baby’s skin and slightly wet material s may lead to rashes. The well-sealed disposable diaper is also an unhealthy environment as it promotes breeding of bacteria. While the greatest concern for parents is their baby’s health and not the environment, parents should be aware of the adverse impacts disposable diapers have on the environment. References Leverich, L.Cloth Diapers. Donald C. Cooper. O’Mara, P. (2003). Mothering Magazine's Having a Baby, Naturally: The Mothering Magazine Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth. Simon and Schuster. The New Parents Guide (2012). Diapers, Diapers ; More Diapers: â€Å"Cloth vs. Disposable†. Retrieved August 8, 2012, from http://www. thenewparentsguide. com/diapers. htm. Gentry, Pamela. (2010, January 23). Cloth Diapers Vs Disposable Diapers. Retrieved July, 29 2012, from http://www. livestrong. com/article/75705-cloth-diapers-vs. -disposable- diapers. Lehrburger, C. , J. Mullen and C. V.Jones. 1991. Diapers: Environmental Impacts and Lifecycle Analysis. Philadelph ia, PA: Report to the National Association of Diaper Services (NADS). Stone, Janis and Sternweis, Laura. Consumer Choice — Diaper Dilemma. Iowa State University University Extension. ID. # 1401. 1994. Retrieved August 10, 2012, from http://www. rockwellcollins. com/daycare/pdf/pm1401. pdf Scott, Juila. (2011. October 3). Cloth vs. Disposable Diapers: A Cost Comparison. Retrieved July, 16 2012, from http://www. mint. com/blog/consumer-iq/cloth-vs-disposable-diapers- a-cost-comparison-102011.

buy custom Brain Drivers essay

buy custom Brain Drivers essay Brain drivers the human body. Human mental level reflects from his/her mood, behavior and body language. The contemporary psychological theories stress on human emotional development than intelligence. The reason is that intelligence is integral, whereas the emotional needs development. Therefore, an emotionally sound personality can only be treated as the intelligent and intellectual. Gestalt therapy: An emotionally sound personality can take long lasting decisions from which they can get best results. However, in some cases there is found chaos of emotional intelligence that reduced the intellect as well. For theses people who possess disordered personality, there was introduced Gestalt therapy that completely based on contact, discussion, and sort out the problems and their solutions by dialogue. This type of therapy has been formed first time by Frederick (Fritz and Laura Perls in 1940. Gestalt approach: The major approach of Gestalt therapy is to get the insight. And, the insight information should not be an ordinary know-how of ones personality. But, it should have a normal contact process to get the appropriate insight. It might be dancing, singing or words dialogue. Hereinafter, Gestalt approach is about to build a contact between therapist and patient to form dialogue for benefit. However, the ultimate aim of client for the discussion and or dialogue would be to get his/her insight personality information like what they are doing, how they are doing and how it must be or how one can change himself When is "therapeutic change" considered to occur in the Gestalt approach? In Gestalt approach, the therapeutic change would be consideered to occur, when client have been aware of his/her insight. The therapist client discussion or dialogue continues till the conclusions and till solutions. Moreover, therapeutic change comes after process that starts from contact, go on with discussion/dialogue and end up at conclusions/solutions. Therefore, change occurs when a brain get aware of itself, and thinks about to change to be better. Conclusion: At the end of treatise, it is better to restate the thesis that is, brain drivers the human body. After comprehensive erudition of Gestalts therapy approach, it is clear that washing a brain could help reinstating a life into normal routine. Hence, people have changed their brains by Gestalts therapy approach. And, methodology of dialogue has worked to drive the brains in the right way. Buy custom Brain Drivers essay

Cavalier Poetry at John Milton Essays

Metaphysical/ Cavalier Poetry at John Milton Essays Metaphysical/ Cavalier Poetry at John Milton Paper Metaphysical/ Cavalier Poetry at John Milton Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Metaphysical based on abstract (typically, excessively abstract) reasoning Derogatory showing a critical or disrespectful attitude Acrane understood by few; mysterious or secret Conventional based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed Lyric (of poetry) expressing the writers emotions, usually briefly and in stanzas or recognized forms Conventions a way in which something is usually done, esp. within a particular area or activity Iambic Pentameter a commonly used metrical line in traditional verse and verse drama, 5 metrical feet with 10 syllables Metaphysical conceit uncoventional/ unexpected metaphors Conceit a fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor Petrarchan conceit a hyperbolic comparison most often made by a suffering lover Profound from, or extending to a great depth; very deep Meditations written or spoken words expressing ones thoughts on a subject Wit mental sharpness and inventiveness; keen intelligence Irony the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect Wordplay the witty exploitation of the meanings and ambiguities of words, esp. in puns Stanza a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse Explicit stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt Stalking horse a figure that tests a concept with someone or mounts a challenge against someone on behalf of an anonymous third party Transitory not permanent Levity humor or frivolity, esp. the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a manner lacking due respect Intent intention or purpose Virtuous having or showing high moral standards Desecration treat (a sacred place or thing) with violent disrespect; violate Laity lay people, as distinct from the clergy Trepidation a feeling of fear or agitation about something that may happen Sublunary belonging to this world as contrasted with a better or more spiritual one Portentous done in a pompously or overly solemn manner so as to impress Persona the aspect of someones character that is presented to or perceived by others. The narrator in To His Coy Mistress takes on a different _____________. Licentous promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters Sensuous relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect Immediacy the quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement Epigrammatic of the nature or in the style of an epigram; concise, clever, and amusing Coy making a pretense of shyness or modesty that is intended to be alluring Quaint attractively unusual or old-fashioned Amorous showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire Coda concluding event, remark, or section Occasional occurring, appearing, or done infrequently and irregularly Melodious of, producing, or having a pleasant tune; tuneful Conversion the fact of changing ones religion or beliefs or the action of persuading someone else to change theirs Sable black Sultry hot and humid Strife angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict Tarry stay longer than intended; delay leaving a place Mortality the state of being subject to death Invective highly critical language Cloven split or divided in two Infirmity physical or mental weakness Laborious requiring considerable effort and time Pastoral a work of literature portraying an idealized version of country life Elegy a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead Motif a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition Tension mental or emotional strain Promotory a point of high land that juts out into a large body of water; a headland Perfidious deceitful and untrustworthy Sanguine blood-red, bloody Mitre a tall headdress worn by bishops and senior abbots as a symbol of office, tapering to a point at front and back with a deep cleft between Contagion the spreading of a harmful idea or practice Privy sharing in the knowledge of something secret Vale valley Wanton deliberate and unprovoked Vernal of, in, or appropriate to spring Interpose place or insert between one thing and another Uncouth lacking good manners, refinement, or grace Monody a poem lamenting a persons death

Compare Hale's Outsider with Burrow's Junky Essay

Compare Hale's Outsider with Burrow's Junky - Essay Example Junky was a semi autobiographical narrative of the daily life of a heroin addict. Although the book is quite straightforward in telling the story of a drug addict it is considered to be more political than literary. The book attracted controversy because of its contentious drug themes, which is evident from subtitles in the book such as Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict. Nevertheless, it is clear from the story that the author has depicted himself as an outsider amongst outsiders because he himself was not a drug addict but had ventured into the sleazy world of drugs in attempts to escape from his mental agony after he accidentally shot his wife. This paper makes a comparison of Burroughs work with Hale’s A Nation of Outsiders. The paper holds that Hale has focused and highlighted perceptions of how middle class whites in America began believing themselves to be outsiders in their own country during the period after the Second World War. In contrast, the Junky does not aim at creating any kind of sympathy for drug addicts. The book titled A Nation of Outsiders: How the White Middle Class Fell in Love with Rebellion in Postwar America by Grace Elizabeth Hale also deals with the issue of outsider in terms of the characteristics of life in America after the end of the Second World War. ... At this time Americans had started identifying themselves with outsiders or rebels whom they mostly associated with African Americans. Hale argues that in having identified themselves with the outsider, Americans had started pursuing inconsistent objectives. They had started working towards their self perceived independence and individual freedom. In being fascinated with outsiders, Americans had started desiring to remain connected and to have value in terms of having a deep sense of sharing with other people. Such paradoxical reversals engrossed many white middle class Americans after the Second World War. It became a fashion for middle class whites in America to have perceptions of being outsiders. Hale has depicted how a large number of people began defining themselves as outsiders although these groups always appeared to compete with one another. But all these people created their respective group’s identity as outsiders. For instance, during the time when the abortion de bate was at its zenith, anti abortion activists thought of themselves as outsiders because the Supreme Court had legalized abortion in 1973. Because these people were entirely against legalizing abortion they started considering themselves as outsiders, while the insiders were considered to be those that were favored by the law of the land (Hale, 2011). The similarity of these circumstances can be felt in Burrough’s Junky because nothing much has changed in the several years since the book was published. Drug addiction continues to be a strong moral issue for many people and in being fair as a society Americans have not made much progress by way of understanding the ways in which drugs should be treated. It cannot be denied that there

Book Bunker Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Bunker Social Networking - Essay Example The books that will be made available will be in categorical order ranging from fiction, non-fiction, hobbies, collections and classics among others. Besides, Book Bunker apart from providing a huge assortment of books will also entail provision for wide range of music collections. Being a start-up company, its prime goal is to attain a greater proportion of local market share. The provisions being included within this business set up include low price, differentiated services and a friendly comfortable environment. With these considerations, the key objective of this report is to outline a set of ideas along with strategies in order to create a social networking program for Book Bunker. In order to endure success and survival in the midst of competitive market scenario, it is necessary for a company to strategize its marketing and advertising plans or programs for increasing the customer base. Correspondingly, Book Bunker plans to endure a relaxed ‘reading room’ like ambience through its provided dà ©cor for the readers which can be a key differentiator for its sustained success. Furthermore, the company’s management also plans to provide an application for smartphones with the inclusion of fun activities and games for the children in order to attract them. In fact, it has been ascertained that planning involves provision of electronic books to the audiences. In the similar context, in order to increase the visibility option of the customers, the company plans to apply media bites on local news and billboards among others. These depict few strategies being undertaken by the company in order to stand in the midst of its competitors. In terms of setting target market, Book Bunker focuses to attract the entire book loving demographic segment comprised within geographical area being operated. However, the key focus will be on consumers desiring to purchase books/music at discount prices Furthermore, school children can be given priority by

The Business Plan - Moon Internet Caf Case Study

The Business Plan - Moon Internet Caf - Case Study Example Moon Internet Cafe will provide an area that appeals to people from many different age groups and backgrounds. It provides a good environment for people to familiarize themselves with computers, to interact socially as well as for business needs. People are becoming more mobile, and as they move their technology moves with them. There are many different types of electronic devices that are popular, such as laptops, iPads and cellular phones. Business is also becoming more mobile, with many people interviewing potential staff members, or meeting with clients in public areas such as coffee shops. For many of these meetings, laptops are heavily used, and consequently facilities that facilitate this type of meeting are in high demand. There are a large number of coffee shops and cafes throughout the market, both individual stores and large franchises such as Starbucks. Suppliers for this venture take two forms, as the business looks to combine two different areas.

Trials and Tribulation Essay Example for Free

Trials and Tribulation Essay Wisdom is something that you gain with age, something that you gain with maturity, but that’s not always the case, as we noticed with King Lear and Morrie Schwartz. Both from different worlds, Lear and Morrie both acquire knowledge differently, but at the same time, acquire it similarly. Lear was an attention seeking king who wanted everyone to love him and show it and neglected him family, whereas Morrie was the opposite and cared about family and love. Morrie didn’t like the way society was heading, and thought that the world was being brainwashed, whereas King Lear cared about society, especially because he was head of the hierarchy being the king. Lear was afraid of death and wanted to live the life of a king forever, comparative to Morrie who welcomed death with open arms and thought of death as natural. They may seem as complete opposites, they underwent their trials and tribulations differently but came out of it with the same knowledge and wisdom but they realized it at a later age, when it seemed too late. King Lear was afraid of death and intended to end his life as a king, whereas Schwartz accepted death and was happy that his life was coming to a close. Morrie was quoted as saying Oh yes, you strip away all that stuff and you focus on the essentials. When you realize you are going to die, you see everything much differentlyLearn how to die, and you learn how to live† (Tuesdays with Morrie page 83). What Morrie is saying is that since he knows he’s going to die soon, he can enjoy life more and be more peaceful, he also enjoys being able to have a lot of time to say goodbye, rather than dying tragically or all too suddenly. At the start, Lear was afraid but after going through so much and acquiring a lot of wisdom and knowledge he finally decides to accept death. Let me wipe it first, it smells of mortality. (Act 4, Scene 6 125-126). This quote exemplifies his new thought process of death as Gloucester attempts to kiss Lear’s hand. At the end both Lear and Schwartz acquire wisdom and knowledge through death, even though Lear was reluctant to die at the beginning. Morrie was a very opinionated gentleman about life itself, especially about society. He always stated that society was being brainwashed, as we see in this quote Do you know how they brainwash people? They repeat something over and over again. And thats what we do in this country. Owning things is good. More money is good. More  property is good. More commercialism is goodWe repeat it-and have it repeated to us-over and over until nobody bothers to even think other wise (Tuesdays with Morrie page 124).† Throughout the book, Morrie always had an issue with society saying that it was filled with propaganda about things that don’t matter like money or houses or jobs. Rather, he’d wish the world was more filled with love and friendship. On the other end of the spectrum we have King Lear, where he only cared for himself and no one else . He was a very selfish man, top of the hierarchy and did everything possible to stay on top. The things he did as a king was sometimes mind blowing as he once asked that All I ask is that you provide me with a hundred knights for my own entourage. Ill keep only the title of king(Act 1, Scene 2- 136-138).† This quote shows how little he cares about his kingdom, as even with a war impending from France, he takes 100 knights for himself just to show off his status. Only near the end of his life did he realize how terribly he treated not only his family, but society itself and wishes that he were a better king. Once again near the end of their lives do they acquire wisdom and knowledge, but this time through society and how it plays out. King Lear once again had to go through hardship to find knowledge whereas Schwartz already knew and spoke about this topic openly throughout his later years. Morrie Schwartz thought very highly of love to a point where he’d rather die than live a life without love. â€Å"If you dont have the support and love and caring and concern that you get from a family, you dont have much at all. Love is so supremely important. As our great poet Auden said Love each other or perish(page 91)† Morrie grew up as a kid without much love from his family, so as he grew up he understood the importance of love. He realized that people need and crave love and coming from past experience he understands the meaning of love and emphasizes it strongly throughout his later years. King Lear believed that as a king, everyone should bow down to him and love him. He believed that to get somewhere in life, you should beg and show affection to the king, which is exactly what he enforced onto his kids. Tell me, my daughters, Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state Which of you shall we say doth love us most That we our largest bounty may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge?(Act 2, Scene 2, 47-53)†. King Lear made his daughters fight tooth and nail for the throne but little did he  know that secretly they were concocting a plan to divide the kingdom in two and run him out, all because he showed no love and neglected his daughters for the throne. Morrie came to terms with love near the end of his life but nonetheless he received and gave love equally, whereas King Lear had to learn it the hard way, through death. Nonetheless they both end up appreciating their families and acquire knowledge and wisdom. At the beginning of each novel, King Lear and Morrie Schwartz had different views on life. Lear didn’t show any love, cared about his status in society and was afraid of death. Comparatively Schwartz was a loveable guy, was disgusted by society and he accepted death with open arms. But after going through life changing events, Lear turned into the exact opposite, where he started loving his family and friends, started caring for society and started to accept death with open arms, just like Morrie. So in the end both characters come from different worlds, both reunited by a single goal, even though they didn’t go through the same vigorous path, it was quite similar. The main goal was to acquire knowledge and wisdom, and they for sure attained their goals.

Sponsors And Sports :: essays research papers

Sponsors and Sports In the world of sports, everything from the cups the athletes drink from to the stadiums they play in is up for grabs. The four major sports are a playing field for the teams as well as major companies hoping to influence the public. While there are some positives and negatives to sponsors, a line has to be drawn somewhere. The four major sports, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League all generate millions of dollars from sponsors each year. Individual athletes themselves command large endorsement contracts that in many cases exceed their own salaries. And although the heads of these sports try to limit the influence of companies, they are still a major part of every game played. One of the more widely known sponsors of sports is Nike. Their rivalry with Reebok and other shoe and apparel companies is seen on television and on the playing field. Advertising their company is the major concern when displaying their logos in sports. Beverages, fast foods, credit cards, automobiles and a wide variety of companies spend their money on sports related ventures. They spend big dollars to name stadiums and arenas after their companies. Television gives these companies even more chances to influence the public with commercials that companies might sometimes pay up to $1 million for. The uniforms that the players wear are now being made my different manufacturers whereas five years ago each league had all their teams wearing the same brand. The equipment being used is also made by different companies. No matter what is being fought for, sponsors create good and bad influences in each sport. Major League Baseball is recognized as the most popular sport. They also play the most games which is a plus to sponsors. Each game is seen as a chance to spread word of their company. But MLB seems to be the least affected team wise by sponsors. This is probably because of the strict rules set forth and also because of recent work stoppages and labor disputes. MLB was once the leader in innovative ideas involving sponsors. Billboards are placed around the stadium in strategic spots that will be noticed by fans and television. Stadiums are now being renamed by companies willing to spend millions to have the stadium named after the company such as 3Com Park in San Francisco. These short term deals can create a problem in the future though. Athletes are not as widely chosen for endorsement contracts as in other sports. This is probably because many players cannot make a huge

Roles of Gladiators in Roman Society

Gladiators were mostly unfree individuals either condemned criminals, prisoners of wars who had lost their citizenship rights, although, some of them were volunteers who were mostly freedmen or very low classes of freeborn men who chose to be a slave for monetary rewards or for the fame. Gladiators were brought for the purpose of gladiatorial combat and would endure branding, chains, flogging or death by the sword and subjected to a rigorous training, fed on a high-energy diet, and given expert medical attention.Gladiators were famously popular in ancient from for seven centuries, from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD fairly late in the Public occupied a prominent position in roman society, they would fight in massive amphitheatres, the most famous being the Colosseum in Rome. The games slowly transformed into spectator, a form of public execution and was seen by the public as entertainment in simpler, rougher times. It escalated as the Romans valued the art of killing and ac ted as a distraction for its citizens, allowed them to release their violent impulses and aggression within a completely separate social realm.We can assume that there were gladiatorial fights before this in Rome but were not recorded and the tradition of gladiatorial combats did not evolve in Rome but considered to have come from the Etruscans. The first recorded gladiatorial fight was in Rome during 264 BC at the funeral of Decimus Iunius Brutus Pera and was organised by his sons to pay honour to their deceased father. Three pairs of gladiators fought against each other to the death at his funeral pyre. It was believed that the ritually shed blood reconciled the dead with the living.We can assume that there were gladiatorial fights before this in Rome, but were not recorded and the tradition of gladiatorial combats did not evolve in Rome but considered to have come from the Etruscans. In Tomb 7 of the necropolis Gaudo near Paestum shows fighting between two men wearing attic helme ts of South-Italian type, armour and shields attacking each other with spears. This painting could depict the early types of gladiators and provides evidence that suggest Campania may be the origins of gladiators since the first amphitheatre was built there.Also, the historians Livius, Strabo and Silius Italicus state that at Campanian banquets gladiators fought to entertain the evening party. Gladiators were formed into troupes called â€Å"Familia gladiatorium† and owned by a person called Ianista who recruited, arranged for training and made decisions of where and when the gladiators fought. The gladiators were first asses by a Lanista, a doctor and gladiator trainers when entering gladiator school to commence training. Gladiator trainers who worked in schools were often retired gladiators who specialised in specific combat styles and weapons.There were different types of gladiators who focussed on different fighting styles and weapons that suited them. For example, those who fought in heavy armour weighed them down and were slower which made them require different techniques, while gladiators in light armour were fast and light. The gladiators did not wear Roman military amour since it would send the wrong political signal to the people. Instead they used the weaponry of non-Roman people, to play the role of the enemies. A wooden pole called a palus was used to practice moves with a sword, it allowed a gladiator o practise various strokes such as thrusting, cutting, and slicing.Trained gladiators had the possibility of surviving and even thriving. Some gladiators did not fight more than two or three times a year, and the best of them became popular heroes. After each fight they were paid, plus donations from the crowd and if he was able to outlive his opponents in the arena for 5 years, he would be free and granted citizenship which he could then become a gladiator trainer or a freelance bodyguard. Gladiators were distinguished by the kind of armour they wore, the weapon they use and they style of fighting.Usually gladiators stayed in one category, and matches were played so that they were 2 different categories of gladiators. Some classes are the Eques began their matches on horseback, but ended in hand-to-hand combat. They wore tunics, bronze helmets, round shields and a long sword. Another class was the Hoplomachus who fought with a long spear as well as a short sword or dagger; he wore a visored helmet with crest and long greaves over both legs to protect them since he carried only a small shield, usually round.The attacking class was the Provocator was the most heavily armed and the only one who wore a pectoral covering; the extent of the armour hindered the gladiator’s ability to dodge making it slower and agile. However, he was pair with another gladiator to assist him. Battles generally took place on the Roman Forum, until the mid 1st-century BC since there was no permanent amphitheatre. In the imperial period, gladiatorial games were traditionally held twice a year in December and March to mark the end of the year and beginning of spring.Gladiatorial combat involved beast hunting where the Romans had passion for hunting. For fighting beast, Romans preferred big and dangerous animals – bears, bulls, elephants and lions from the far reaches of the Roman Empire. Rarely did the animals survive these hunts though occasionally very few animals survived these hunts and defeat the hunter. Many of wild animals would be slaughter in a day. Usually criminals would battle the animals without weapons or armour and were considered the lowest class of participants in the games.Entry to the games was free. It was seen as a citizen’s right to see the games, not a luxury. However, there was frequently not enough room, leading to angry scuffles outside. Gladiatorial combat can be seen as an education of Roman values, notably, strength, courage, training/discipline, endurance and the contempt o f death. In other words, it demonstrated soldierly values by illustrating military ideas by punishing cowardly gladiators and praising the victors.The games served as a distraction to the general public of Roman society, by entertaining them was shows that kept them in good humour. The spectacles symbolised the emperor’s power, behaved contrary to their nature, such as the lions which allowed the hares to play in their mouths, and could be interpreted as a clear sign that they had been overwhelmed by a force greater than nature, the emperor. During spectacles, execution of criminals were displayed to make it clear that law and order were upheld, and served as a warning to the consequences to any law breakers.The pain inflicted was partnered with the criminal’s suffering served as a social order by degrading the criminal for the public to witness and regarded as someone who arrogates to himself certain rights to which he is not entitled. Additionally, provided excitemen t that the Romans enjoyed – indulging violence, bloodlust and cruelty, this was significant since the citizens of Rome was uneventful the military pursuits and civil war which had kept them entertained were by then over. Whatever happened in the arena, the spectators were on the winning side. They found comfort for death' wrote Tertullian with typical insight, ‘in murder'. Various well know Romans had different attitudes towards the games. Writers like Seneca may have expressed disapproval, but they attended the arena where the games were in process. He described the display as boring and therefore unworthy of the attention of a well-reasoned man. In a letter to a friend, he describes what he saw in the arena during the reign of Emperor Caligula: â€Å"There is nothing so ruinous to good character as to idle away one's time at some spectacle. Vices have a way of creeping in because of the feeling of pleasure that it brings.Why do you think that I say that I personally return from shows greedier, more ambitious and more given to luxury, and I might add, with thoughts of greater cruelty and less humanity, simply because I have been among humans? † Seneca was not alone in his view, Cicero, is widely opposed to gladiatorial games, wrote, â€Å"A gladiatorial show is apt to seem cruel and brutal to some eyes, and I incline to think that it is, as now conducted, but in the days when it was criminals who crossed swords in the death struggled there could be no better schooling against pain and death†.Ultimately, Cicero was not totally opposed to the idea of gladiatorial games but the concept of using free men as gladiators was cruel. The attitudes of high culture Romans, Cicero and Seneca differed to those of the general public. Their opinion on gladiatorial games was that they were flawed and inhumane and disapproved of it. A century and a half later, Pliny the younger too had no taste for the brutalities and viciousness of the gladiatorial shows.In his letter to Sempronius Rufus, he states that he wished that they would be abolished in Tome, as they degrade the character and morals of the whole world. Recommendations were given to soldiers to watch gladiatorial displays to take note of how gladiators fought without fear, because they represented the moral qualities which were required for a good soldier. Victorious gladiators conquered death by displaying his superior over his opponent. Even if the gladiator had to die he died the death of a Roman citizen through the sword.Besides, their lives were seen as models of courage and military discipline. One can conclude that, gladiators were criminals, having lost their citizen rights, who had no choice to become a gladiator, although, some citizens freely accepted being a gladiator for the rewards. The public admired and worshiped gladiators even though they were criminals; they displayed great courage and strength in their battles. It took the public’s minds of t hings providing them with a great spectacle entertained them and taking their minds of other issues.This was extremely popular to the Romans since they enjoyed violence and cruelty. Executions, made upheld Roman law for the public to witness serving as the possible consequences if an individual breached it. Soldiers took note of the valiance and heroism fighting with no fear displaying qualities essentially for any Roman soldier. Thus, gladiatorial combat was a display of nerve and skill which held a lot of importance in the culture and history of Ancient Rome.

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay

Studies of construction management address the phenomena of construction problems and explore the nature of construction technology. Manufacturing technologies are categorized into mass, unit and continuous process of productions. Construction technology is classified as a unit production through contrasting construction activities and fabrications. Although the efficiency of construction technology is low in terms of unit production, it is associated with benefits such as zero stocks and flexibility. This report provides a description of materials/techniques used in the current construction of modern domestic properties, industrial unit properties, their comparison and critical analysis of the performance of building structures. It also encompasses on the principles used by builders to perform their functions, characteristics and behaviour of internal materials used in the construction. People have been looking for efficient production systems since the industrial revolution. However, most projects are still built under traditional way of one-of-a-kind production. Application of IT in construction has also failed to produce the intended results. Therefore, nature of construction technology needs to be understood more in order to explain inefficiencies that are surrounding the technology and theory that solves the construction problems (Sarkar 2008). According to Daft (2004), technology refers to the tools, machines, actions and techniques used in transforming organizational information and materials (input) into products and services (output). 1.0 Construction technology                It involves the study of construction techniques to successfully achieve the design of the structure with the recommended specifications (Sabnis, 2011). It includes temporary work and study of construction equipment needed to facilitate the construction process. The recent trend is towards constructing taller and lighter buildings. In order to achieve such buildings, sophisticated equipment needs to be employed in the construction process. 1.1 Current construction techniques/materials                The current methods of construction provide important benefits to developers and housing authorities which reduces the emphasis of on-site activity. This criterion is important particularly in the time of increasing demand of an already stretched labour force. Any new implementation of doing things is faced with risks, but such risks can be mitigated through having good planning and project management. Yvette Cooper, a planning and housing minister quoted, â€Å"people must ensure that the new homes they are constructing are affordable to the next generations.† This report shows that it is easier to build cheaper and faster using modern construction techniques whilst keeping high quality of traditional methods. 1.1.1 Modern methods of construction (MMC)                Modern techniques of constructing houses developed as early as 1945 after WWII, it was used by most of the developed countries such as Germany during buildings fabrication after WWII. Later these techniques spread in many countries and they are commonly used in India during the construction process. As technology, construction knowledge and manufacturing processes increase so do the number of available methods of house construction increases to house builders. Modern Method of construction is a collection of new relatively construction techniques aimed at offering advantages over traditional methods (Altenbach, 2013). Conventionally, this is an area pioneered by self builders, mostly in terms of sustainable construction. As developers’ sticks continually to the proven construction techniques that satisfy buyer demand, self builders have been willing to research, try and invest something different so as to achieve individual homes that meet their need. In an effort of increasing housing demand, shortage of skills and the set targets by Code of sustainable homes, many governments are encouraging the house-building sector to develop and use MMC technique in an attempt to meet these challenges. Most of these modern construction techniques evolved from their traditional predecessors. Techniques such as structural insulated panels (SIPS) and thin joint systems with Air Crete blocks are part of the on going evolution of timber frame and masonry construction (Kuzio 2009). Other familiar techniques have developed in the larger scale commercial construction. This has brought alternatives with interesting qualities of house building. Development of steel frame systems and in-situ concrete techniques led to the development of insulated concrete forms (ICF). 1.1.2 Advantages of modern methods of construction Reduced impact on residents and effect of weather on production Controlled manufacture and reduced fuel consumption and disruptions as a result of fewer materials delivered. Reduced construction defects and time consumed. High quality buildings 1.1.3 Modern domestic properties 1.1.4 Illustrations                Larger construction components can be incorporated into either MMC dwellings or conventionally built. They are not full housing ‘systems,’ but they are factory made or site-assembled. This category comprises of the following components and sub-assemblies. This involves a series of assembled components and pre-fabricated ground beams to form quick and accurate foundations (Koerner 2005). These are pre-fabricated panels designed specifically for floor construction. Fewer on-site labour hours are needed per square meter of floor, and the reduced work at heights has safety and potential health benefits (Hearn 2012). It involves designed pre-fabricated panels specifically for pitched roofs. These panels are very stiff which are designed to leave the loft free of props and struts, thus allowing easy production of ‘room’ in the construction of the roof. These roof cassettes make the building become water weight more quickly than cut roof constructions or conventional trussed rafter. These are roofs assembled at ground level before the shell of the dwelling is constructed. It can be craned into place immediately the superstructure is in place hence creating a weather tight structure more quickly rather than assembling the roof in situ (Corum Scotland 2010). Factory made dormers are used to speed up the roof watertight making process. Pre-fabricated lightweight chimney stacks made from factories are mounted on the roof structure without using masonry flue, thus making them suitable for construction of a lightweight frame. These chimney stacks can accommodate flue liners hence functioning with combustion appliances. Wiring looms                Cabling systems are manufactured in a way that they can quickly be assembled with relatively unskilled labour. They are made of various lengths terminated with plugs that are plugged into sockets and other electrical items (Quinn 2008). Standards are critical steps from development and research to marketplace adoption. Today, many industries are faced not only with managing technological development march, but also with pressures of how to do so cost-effectively, efficiently and with environmental and public safety being in mind. The appearance, energy efficiency, component materials and habitable structures’ environmental impacts have dramatically changed over the last few years. This is as a result of successful standardization of processes, new materials and technologies. This section provides a sample of more recently developed shows and construction technologies, which has been facilitated by provision of the needed standards by ASTM international’s technical committees. These standards have swept off technologies of new construction to the drawing board and into the currently built environment. A Building’s Skin                5488940117475Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS) were used in Germany after WW II to resurface buildings that were damaged by the conflict ravages. They are lightweight, systems of multi-layer barrier that helps in keeping moisture from outer walls. With several components, from foam insulation panels fastened to the base and a substrate coat, to the finishing coat and reinforcing mesh, EIFS is a complex system with materials required to connect successfully for years so as to keep moisture at bay (Noble 2011). EIFS standards development has been the key role of ASTM international Committee E06 on buildings’ performance since 1990’s. Their subcommittee E06.58 on finishing systems and exterior insulation published its first EIFS standard, test methods used in determining breaking strength tensile of reinforcing mesh of glass fibre. This publication was for use in class PB finishing systems and exterior insulation, after it was exposed to sodium hydroxide solution in 2000. Stone masonry Veneer                548894093980The design freedom and cost savings offered by the products of stone masonry veneer have led to their increased use in architectural projects. In comparison to natural stone, manufactured stone veneers can be precisely colored, reinforced with steel, and have a predictable and durable life. The appearance consistency of the manufactured products makes repetitive use of materials as a trim or ornament economically feasible. Additionally, older structures can be renovated with manufactured veneer stones that replicate the deteriorating stone’s appearance (Gunn 2012). It is a technology in which sealant adhesives are used to attach the glass to a building. In the last 20years, structural glazing has experienced exponential growth. It has been in use in industrial construction and other city buildings all over the world. Wood-plastic Composites                Since 1990s, recycled plastic and wood waste has been used as environmentally friendly and economic alternatives for decks. Components such as cladding, railings, molding, siding and trim, door frames and window; and structures such as small park benches. Concrete, which have been in use for a long time in construction of roads and structures is developing in a way that make it less expensive, more varied, safer, easier use and even more environmentally friendly. For example, a self-consolidating concrete that flows into forms was proposed in 1980s’ theory by a Japanese scientist. It has recently become viable as it used in infrastructural projects around the world. It properties are achieved by applying high-range-water-reducing mixtures; it increases the total quantity of fines applying admixtures that modify its plastic state viscosity (Li 2011). The innovative building enclosures’ design relies less on past successful precedents than use of building science. This is a result of changes in methods and materials resulting from building innovation technology. Earlier building enclosures were only expected to provide a degree of environmental separation and be durable, but the recent structures must address issues like day lighting, energy efficiency, fire safety, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality and carbon footprint (Grondzik 2008). In half a century ago, wall performance requirements were outlined which are now applicable to all components and enclosure systems. The following are the major considerations that were identified: Rigidity and strength Control of heat flow Control of airflow Control of water vapour flow Liquid water control movement Durability and stability of materials Fire, aesthetic considerations and cost Since the time of Hutcheon, additional objectives such as environmental impact consideration associated with building materials and methods and the need to provide secure and safe buildings have been adopted. The acceptable requirements of wall performance were implicit within traditional materials and methods of construction. With the modern building science advent, they have become more explicit in response to technological innovation. The table below summarizes the requirements of contemporary performance and their corresponding assessment parameters. Moderator versus separator                A critical principle used in building science involves the difference between moderation versus environmental separation. For example, fire and smoke control movement is a strategy that attempts to completely separate fire and smoke from the indoor environment. The approach employs a fire-related assembly that fully controls leakage of smoke by virtue of the construction of its airtight and in some cases, the air pressures’ control between compartmentalized spaces. Moderation involves a strategy where the difference between outdoor and indoor severity environments is moderated within the tolerable threshold. For example, heat transfer control does not seek to minimize the rate to zero, but to a level that satisfies energy efficiency, comfort requirements, and the control of wetting/condensation. The following table summarizes the key control strategies for building enclosures’ design, which is involved in moderation strategy. A review of the corresponding control strategies and physical phenomena indicates the control of moisture migration is of the most important control function that needs to be addressed by designers. Problems of moisture in buildings are common and vary broadly in consequences and types. These consequences range from cosmetic flaws to structural failure and in some cases the occupants’ health can be affected adversely as in the case of mold growth leading to respiratory and allergic problems. 2.0 Range of construction forms 2.1 Provision and access of internal division of spaces within buildings                Service integration should be jointly considered by the architect/designer, service and structural engineers. The interface between the fabric and the structure together with the service installations can cause problems. These problems can be in terms of the need to have re-route services within the structural elements or the purpose of passing through those elements (Luraghi 2008). Both structural and non-structural integration methods should be considered. The following are some of the spaces and divisions that an architect needs to consider. They should be installed so as to provide access to a building roof. The installation and design of the anchorage and the attachment system for the ladders should be described in MMAH standard supplementary. Fuel-fired appliances should be installed in service rooms from the building’s remainder by fire separations with the fire rating resistance which is not less than one hour. A more than 600 mm high roof space needs to be provided with floor access immediately before the hatchway that is not less than 550 mm by 990 mm or by a stairway. It consists of duct spaces and ceiling, which is more than 600mm wide and 1200mm high, shall have inspection doors. It should not be less than 300mm in both vertical and horizontal dimensions placed so that the entire space or duct interior can be viewed (Kuzio 2009). A fabric is a material structure selection, engineering, proper design, installation and fabrication of all work together to ensure a sound structure (Foster 2010). The role of material in the structure’s performance makes the selection process important. This is true particularly with air-supported and tensile structures because their frames, as well as their membranes carry the load. Membrane materials                Fabrics are typically laminated and coated with synthetic materials for environmental resistance and greater strength. Most of the widely used materials are polyester coated or laminated with PVC, woven fiberglass that is coated with silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Films, Meshes and other materials also have appropriate applications. Polyesters                It is the most frequently base material used due to its cost, durability, strength and stretch. They are coated or laminated with PVC films and thus they are the least expensive for long-term fabrications. Laminates consist of vinyl films over knitted or woven polyester meshes. Coated fabrics typically use a high-tensile, high-count coated fabric with a bondable substance at the base for extra strength. Lighter fabrics are commonly used insulated and acoustic liners suspended beneath an envelope of a structure. For long-term exterior application, heavier materials are needed: fabrics with top coatings of PVF or PVDF (Zhu 2011). These top coatings are responsible with providing a protective finish to withstand environmental degradation. Vinyl-coated polyester                It is a common fabric used when producing flexible structures, such as canopies, walkways, custom-designed awnings, smaller air-supported structures, tent hall and light member-framed structures (ManCuso 2012). Properties of building materials Group Properties Physical Shape, Density, Size, Specific Gravity etc., Mechanical Strength, Plasticity, Elasticity, Toughness, Hardness, Ductility, Brittleness, Stiffness, Creep, Impact Strength, Fatigue etc., Thermal Thermal conductivity, Thermal capacity, Thermal resistivity, etc., Chemical Corrosion resistance, Acidity, Chemical composition, Alkalinity etc., Optical Colour, Light transmission, Light reflection etc., Acoustical Sound absorption, Reflection and Transmission. Physiochemical Hygroscopicity, Swell and Shrinkage due to moisture changes 3.2 Comparison of materials/techniques used in construction                The use of steel in the residential construction and housing sector has grown rapidly over the last ten years. This has been facilitated due to the growing appreciation of the performance benefits arising from the nature of the off-site of the construction process, which is particularly important in mixed-use or urban buildings. Steel construction technologies of an off-site increase the speed of construction and improve the final quality of the building, and can add points to the Code for Sustainable Homes. The main steel market in this area is in multi-storey residential buildings, and mostly mix-use buildings. Domestic buildings versus industrial buildings                A building classified as domestic is one which an individual uses as a dwelling place and provides separate family living quarters for separate family units (Richardson 2008). On the other hand, building not used in connection with a residence and not located on the same parcel as a residence, it is classified as industrial property. Most of the industrial/commercial buildings have been using pre-fabricated construction such as ceiling panels, prefab wall panels, flooring system and plasterboards to create interiors of offices (Domone 2008). Prefab materials provide the option of buildings’ customizing for specific needs such as water and fire resistance and soundproofing. However, individual owners of homes have not yet gained enough confidence with prefab construction. This increases its demand for commercial spaces and from large developers but use by individuals in their homes is yet to gain popularity. 4.0 Critical review of how building structures perform                Organization structure may be considered the organization’s anatomy, providing the foundation in which the organization functions. Hall (1977) noted from simple observation that an organizational structure affects its members’ behavior. The particular building’s structure is a major determinant of the people’s activities within it. Hall suggested two basic functions of the structure each of which may affect organizational performance or individual behavior within the industry. First, they are designed at least to minimize or regulate individual variations’ influence on the organization (Brown and London 2000). Organizational structure is also the setting in which decisions are made, power is exercised, and organization’s activities carried out. Van de Ven (1976) highlighted the structure’s importance both at the subunit levels and the organization for the performance of organizations. Conclusion                Construction technology produces goods and provides services at the same time. The construction process is having low predictability and is highly uncertain. Many intermediate items are integrated and created by human operations with low standardization, mechanization and automation. The benefits of construction technology include high flexibility, zero stock, and satisfactory social needs. As these benefits appreciated, industry that is responsible with construction should consider improving integration of construction job site activities. Thus, we should examine and understand the construction technology fundamentally before successive e-construction programs and construction automation. References Altenbach, H. (2013). Advanced materials modeling for structures. Berlin: Springer. Brophy, V., & Lewis, J. O. (2011). A green Vitruvius: principles and practice of sustainable architectural design (2nd ed.). London: Earthscan. Domone, P. L., & Illston, J. M. (2010). Construction materials: their nature and behaviour (4th ed.). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Spon Press. Foster, J. S. (2010). Structure and fabric (6th ed.). Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical. Grondzik, W. T. (2008). Principles of building commissioning. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons. Kuzio, T., Kravchuk, R. S., & Anieri, P. J. (2009). State and institution building in Ukraine. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Leatherbarrow, D. (2009). Architecture oriented otherwise. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Luraghi, N. (2008). The ancient Messenians: constructions of ethnicity and memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mancuso, C. (2012). Unsaturated soils research and applications. Berlin: Springer. Sabnis, G. M. (2011). Green building with concrete: sustainable design and construction. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Sarkar, S. K., & Saraswati, S. (2008). Construction technology. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Zhu, Y. (2011). Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, June 19-22, 2011, Miami, Florida. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Gunn, S. (2012). Stone House Construction. Melbourne: CSIRO Pub.. Hearn, L., & Gray, K. r. (2012). Across the nightingale floor / [sound recording] (Unabridged. ed.). Minneapolis, MN: HighBridge. Koerner, R. M. (2005). Geosynthetics Research and Development in Progress (GRI-18) Geo-Frontiers 2005. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Li, Z. (2011). Advanced concrete technology. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Noble, J. A. (2011). African identity in post-apartheid public architecture: white skin, black masks. Farnham: Ashgate Pub.. Planning appeal by Corum Scotland Ltd: installation of air conditioning cassettes to roof level at 82 Hyndland Road, Glasgow : [letter]. (2010). Falkirk: Inquiry Reporters Unit. Quinn, J. (2008). An Evaluation of the Eclypse ESP Hand-Held Standing Wave Reflectometer. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center. Source document